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Canadian specialty materials producer Neo Performance Materials officially launched a sintered neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) magnet plant in Narva, Estonia, on Friday September 19, and announced the completion of Europe’s first dysprosium and terbium oxide production line.
“To the people of Narva this [magnet] factory is for you and your future,” Estonian Prime Minister Kristen Michal said at the opening ceremony.
The plant on the eastern edge of the country will be able to produce 2,000 tonnes per year of sintered high-temperature NdFeB magnets for the electric and hybrid drivetrains of its automotive customers, including Schaeffler and Bosch. There are plans to increase this to 5,000 tpy — enough for over 2 million vehicles.
“Rare earths and rare earth magnets are one of the most important drivers of technology,” Neo Chief Executive Officer Rahim Suleman said.
“Robotics, physical AI, the electrification of vehicles, drones, wind farms and almost any energy efficient motor you can imagine,” he added.
Built in under two years, the opening ceremony comes six and a half months after China imposed export-controls. These have severely restricted supply of high-temperature NdFeB magnets and the heavy rare earths terbium and dysprosium needed to manufacture them.
No spot transactions for terbium or dysprosium oxide were reported in the seven days to September 18. Fastmarkets most recently assessed the price of dysprosium oxide 99.5% ex-whs Rotterdam at $825-850 per kg on September 18. This was more than triple the Chinese export price assessment of $230-280 per kg on the same day.
Liquidity has stuttered in Europe while high prices and low stocks put suppliers and customers in a difficult position. Consumption of dysprosium and terbium remains relatively small outside Asia because it is mainly used in low volume high-tech applications, but they are a vital additive for the small but growing rare earth magnet industry.
In August, Neo announced that construction was underway to add a small heavy rare earth line at its 2,000 tpy light rare earth separation plant Silmet in Sillamäe. This is located around 30km from the Narva magnet plant.
“We can separate heavy rare earths, we can separate light rare earths, we can make rare earth metals and we can make rare earth magnets and we can do all these things with a parallel rare earth supply chain inside China and outside of China,” Suleman said.
The lightning speed of execution and fortuitous timing belie the years of thoughtful planning and patient negotiation that went into the Narva magnet project.
“There are three fundamental risks related to a project like this that we tried to manage: the market risk, the technology risk and the financial risk,” Constantine Karayannopoulos industry consultant and former Neo CEO told Fastmarkets.
“It all starts with the customer, the demand pull. Proper planning, however, is indispensable. We planned this project for three years before we put a spade in the ground. This planning was essential in allowing the precise execution which brought the project to completion in under 500 days, a really remarkable accomplishment by Rahim Suleman, Greg Kroll and their team,” Karayannopoulos added.
“We intensified our activities in the supply chain more than seven years ago,” Bernd Emig, vice president of purchasing business division E-Drives at Schaeffler Group, told Fastmarkets.
“We analyzed the value add of each process step under consideration in the target region of operation,” Emig said
A key turning point for the project was the receipt of a €18.7 million ($22 million) grant from the EU’s Just Transition Fund in 2022.
“I think we will see a trend for shortening supply chains,” Karayannopoulos said. “But you also need the skills and knowledge. We have a blind spot in the West. We do not have enough people who understand the science, the engineering and metallurgy.”
The supply chain for rare earth materials and permanent magnets is complex. But Fastmarkets’ trusted insights make navigating it easier. Discover your guide to market trends, pricing dynamics and the global rare earths supply chain.